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USACO 2025 February Contest, Bronze

Problem 2. Making Mexes


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You are given an array a of N non-negative integers a1,a2,,aN (1N2105,0aiN). In one operation, you can change any element of a to any non-negative integer.

The mex of an array is the minimum non-negative integer that it does not contain. For each i in the range 0 to N inclusive, compute the minimum number of operations you need in order to make the mex of a equal i.

INPUT FORMAT (input arrives from the terminal / stdin):

The first line contains N.

The next line contains a1,a2,,aN.

OUTPUT FORMAT (print output to the terminal / stdout):

For each i in the range 0 to N, output the minimum number of operations for i on a new line. Note that it is always possible to make the mex of a equal to any i in the range 0 to N.

SAMPLE INPUT:

4
2 2 2 0

SAMPLE OUTPUT:

1
0
3
1
2

  • To make the mex of a equal to 0, we can change a4 to 3 (or any positive integer). In the resulting array, [2,2,2,3], 0 is the smallest non-negative integer that the array does not contain, so 0 is the mex of the array.
  • To make the mex of a equal to 1, we don't need to make any changes since 1 is already the smallest non-negative integer that a=[2,2,2,0] does not contain.
  • To make the mex of a equal to 2, we need to change the first three elements of a. For example, we can change a to be [3,1,1,0].

SCORING:

  • Inputs 2-6: N103
  • Inputs 7-11: No additional constraints.

Problem credits: Benjamin Qi

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