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USACO 2023 December Contest, Platinum

Problem 2. A Graph Problem


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To improve her mathematical knowledge, Bessie has been taking a graph theory course and finds herself stumped by the following problem. Please help her!

You are given a connected, undirected graph with vertices labeled 1N and edges labeled 1M (2N2105, N1M4105). For each vertex v in the graph, the following process is conducted: ​

  1. Let S={v} and h=0.
  2. While |S|<N, ​
    1. Out of all edges with exactly one endpoint in S, let e be the edge with the minimum label.
    2. Add the endpoint of e not in S to S.
    3. Set h=10h+e.
  3. Return h\pmod{10^9+7}.
​ Determine all the return values of this process. ​

INPUT FORMAT (input arrives from the terminal / stdin):

The first line contains N and M. ​ Then follow M lines, the eth containing the endpoints (a_e,b_e) of the eth edge (1\le a_e<b_e\le N). It is guaranteed that these edges form a connected graph, and at most one edge connects each pair of vertices.

OUTPUT FORMAT (print output to the terminal / stdout):

Output N lines, where the ith line should contain the return value of the process starting at vertex i.

SAMPLE INPUT:

3 2
1 2
2 3

SAMPLE OUTPUT:

12
12
21

SAMPLE INPUT:

5 6
1 2
3 4
2 4
2 3
2 5
1 5

SAMPLE OUTPUT:

1325
1325
2315
2315
5132

Consider starting at i=3. First, we choose edge 2, after which S = \{3, 4\} and h = 2. Second, we choose edge 3, after which S = \{2, 3, 4\} and h = 23. Third, we choose edge 1, after which S = \{1, 2, 3, 4\} and h = 231. Finally, we choose edge 5, after which S = \{1, 2, 3, 4, 5\} and h = 2315. The answer for i=3 is therefore 2315.

SAMPLE INPUT:

15 14
1 2
2 3
3 4
4 5
5 6
6 7
7 8
8 9
9 10
10 11
11 12
12 13
13 14
14 15

SAMPLE OUTPUT:

678925929
678925929
678862929
678787329
678709839
678632097
178554320
218476543
321398766
431520989
542453212
653475435
764507558
875540761
986574081

Make sure to output the answers modulo 10^9+7.

SCORING:

  • Input 4: N,M\le 2000
  • Inputs 5-6: N\le 2000
  • Inputs 7-10: N\le 10000
  • Inputs 11-14: a_e+1=b_e for all e
  • Inputs 15-23: No additional constraints.

Problem credits: Benjamin Qi

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