
USACO 2022 January Contest, Gold
Problem 3. Tests for Haybales
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There is an array of sorted integers x1≤x2≤⋯≤xN (1≤N≤105), and an integer K. You don't know the array or K, but you do know for each index i, the largest index ji such that xji≤xi+K. It is guaranteed that i≤ji and j1≤j2≤⋯≤jN≤N.
Given this information, Farmer John's cows need to construct any array along with some integer K that matches that information. The construction needs to satisfy 0≤xi≤1018 for all i and 1≤K≤1018.
It can be proven that this is always possible. Help Farmer John's cows solve this problem!
INPUT FORMAT (input arrives from the terminal / stdin):
The first line of input contains N. The next line contains j1,j2,…,jN.OUTPUT FORMAT (print output to the terminal / stdout):
Print K, then x1,…,xN on separate lines. Any valid output will be accepted.SAMPLE INPUT:
6 2 2 4 5 6 6
SAMPLE OUTPUT:
6 1 6 17 22 27 32
The sample output is the array a=[1,6,17,22,27,32] with K=6. j1=2 is satisfied because a2=6≤1+6=a1+K but a3=17>1+6=a1+K, so a2 is the largest element that is at most a1. Similarly,
- j2=2 is satisfied because a2=6≤6+6 but a3=17>6+6
- j3=4 is satisfied because a4=22≤17+6 but a5=27>17+6
- j4=5 is satisfied because a5=27≤22+6 but a5=32>22+6
- j5=6 is satisfied because a6=32≤27+6 and a6 is the last element of the array
- j6=6 is satisfied because a6=32≤32+6 and a6 is the last element of the array
This is not the only possible correct output for the sample input. For example, you could instead output the array [1,2,4,5,6,7] with K=1.
SCORING:
- For 50% of all inputs, N≤5000
- For the remaining inputs, there are no additional constraints.
Problem credits: Danny Mittal